Explain the difference between active and passive fire protection systems.

Active fire protection systems are designed to involve components that require some form of action or activation to work effectively. Typical examples include fire alarms, sprinkler systems, and fire extinguishers. These systems actively take measures to suppress or control a fire once it has been detected, relying on mechanisms that require operation, whether manually or automatically.

In contrast, passive fire protection systems are intended to contain or slow the spread of fire without the need for any action once they are in place. This includes features such as fire-resistance walls, floors, and doors that are built into the structure. These systems work primarily through their design and materials to limit the movement of fire and smoke, providing containment and safe egress routes, while also protecting structural integrity.

This distinction highlights the complementary roles both types of systems play in a comprehensive fire protection strategy—active systems are reactive and focus on immediate response, whereas passive systems are preventative and aim to limit fire severity and spread from the outset.